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TECHNICAL COOPERATION RESEARCH Three books were published with the results of the FIDUCIA projectAn effective justice system must assess itself not only against narrow criteria of crime control, but against broader criteria relating to people’s trust in justice and their sense of security. In the long term, public compliance with the law depends on the legitimacy of institutions of justice, with institutions commanding legitimacy partly when citizens recognize that the institutions are fair, just and provide public security.EURO-JUSTIS produced a set of survey indicators of con dence in justice that shed light on the utility of these concepts. The social scienti c value of the work was recognized when the indicators were included - after competitive peer review – in the 2010 sweep (Round 5) of the European Social Survey. The resulting data will highlight the importance of trust and legitimacy in public compliance with the law and cooperation with legal authorities.Against this background, FIDUCIA research produced an innovative model of “trust-based” policy and related policy recommendations in relation to emerging forms of criminality, to be addressed to Member States and EU institutions. The research can shed new light on complex problems across Europe, helping us understand problems and develop fresh and evidence-led strategies to deal with emerging problems of crime.The focus in FIDUCIA was on “trust-based” policies, meaning approaches to the regulation of behavior that pay particular attention to the impact of policing (in its broadest sense) on public trust in justice, on public perceptions of the legitimacy of justice institutions, and on people’s consequent commitment to the rule of law. The focus of criminal policy- makers should shift from “why people break the law” to “why people obey to the law”. In recognition of important European trends, the special focus of the FIDUCIA project is on new forms of criminality and supranational policies of crime control.The FIDUCIA consortium places special importance on developing concepts of trust-based regulation and on translating these concepts into practical reality by means of a number of recommendations that could trigger a change in direction in European criminal policy.After an initial phase of state-of-the-art review, the FIDUCIA project has two parallel sets of work packages. On the one hand, FIDUCIA proposes the following series of four case studies of new forms of criminality that re ect -in various ways- the development of supranational structures and processes across the European Union:traf cking of human beings;traf cking of goods;the criminalization of migration and ethnic minorities; cybercrimes.Each case study examined the causal dynamics of the type of crime (or family of crimes) under examination, assessed current (“best” and “worst”) policy responses across Europe and at the EU level, assessed whether there are “trust-based” alternatives that might prove more effective and devise ways of implementing these approaches. On the other hand, aThe FIDUCIAconsortium places special importance on developing concepts of trust-based regulation and on translating these concepts into practical reality120 ACTIVITY REPORT 2016